Unit (1) in points
1 – Yehia Haqqi was one of the pioneers of modern Egyptian literature.
2 – He was an expert on Arab Culture.
3 – Sayyida Zeinab is a district of Cairo.
4 – He graduated in law and worked as a lawyer for a short time.
5 – As a diplomat, he worked abroad for more than 20 years.
6 – The time he spent abroad gave him experiences.
7 – His first story was published in 1925.
8 – His first story established him as one of the great short story writers.
9 – He wanted to help the poor and disabled people.
10 – He wrote a collection of short stories.
11 – One of his short stories won an important prize.
12 – His novel, the Post Man, was made into a film.
13 – He gave his bed to a poor man who needed it more.
14 – He wrote in a new way/ style about Arab society and customs.
15 –  He was interested in the Arabic Language.
16 – He developed a new style of writing which is respected today.
17 – As well as writing, he translated into Arabic.
18 – He was a strong believer in the power of books.
19 - He supported many young Egyptian writers.
20 – He is still thought as the father of modern short story in Egypt.
21 – I wrote a poem which won second prize in a national competition.
22 - I wrote short stories for a magazine.
23 – Did you get confused?
24 - I used to write very quickly.
25 –The novels take much longer.
26 – Do you have a fixed routine?
27 – I have a ten-minute break for coffee at midday.
28 – I am old- fashioned.
29 – It gave me a headache.
30 – My secretary types it onto the computer.
31 – My publisher insists that I send everything as an e-mail attachment.
32 – I spend 2 or 3 days checking the week’s work.
33 – I had changed my last novel six times before I was happy with it.
34 – They didn’t like how my story ended.
35 – Thank you for talking to me.

Unit (2) in points
1 - Many people have grown up reading the books of Abdel-Tawab Youssef.
2 - in 1945 he started studying political science at Cairo University.
3 - He graduated in 1950.
4 – He worked for the Egyptian Ministry of Education.
5 - That must have been a difficult time for him.
6 - He wanted to earn enough money to send his sisters to school.
7 - He married Noaila Rashed in 1956 and they had three children.
8 - He set up the Children’s Culture Association in 1968.
9 – He started writing children’s stories for radio and television.
10 - He started to write novels, poems and plays, often about important events.
11 – He won many awards for his writings.
12 – People have translated his books into many languages.
13 – He lectured at the University of Ohio in the United States.
14 – He died in 2015, aged 87.
15 – People who have had the honour of being called” Teacher”.
16 – The head teacher realized that the young teacher was worried.
17 – You have all the qualities to be a good teacher.
18 – You are very natural with the students, serious and responsible, but strict.
19 – I have learnt about you.
20 – You will need to discipline the students, but you will be fatherly and gentle.
21 – I have always prepared my lessons well.
22 – I give myself goals and plan how to achieve them.
23 – I plan an introduction and then I use steps and I like to use paintings and pictures.
24 – You have come with fresh ideas.
25 – I believe a teacher mustn’t silence his students.
26 – A teacher must inspire and encourage his students to communicate and take part in conversations.
27 – The head warned the teacher not to spoil his students.
28 – We should encourage students to move around the class.
29 – Students can sit in a circle or semicircle.
30 – We could have the class outside, under the trees.
31 – Good luck with your first class.
32 – The head teacher left him dreaming about his new life as a teacher.
33 – He believed that his job was the most important job.
34 – A teacher is like the layers of the earth.
35 – Whatever level you reach, you can dig deeper to find more layers that are even richer than before.


Unit (3) in points
1 – Florence Nightingale was born into a wealthy family.
2 – She decided that she wanted to be a nurse.
3 – Her family thought that it was not a suitable job.
4 – Florence’s work was so effective.
5 – The government asked her to be in charge of the nursing of wounded soldiers abroad.
6 – She opened the Nightingale school of Nursing in London.
7 – Nightingale was determined to be a nurse.
8 – She returned and became in charge of a London hospital.
9 – She trained other women to be nurses.
10 – She introduced new ideas into hospitals.
11 – She made sure there was always hot water for doctors and nurses.
12 – Lotfia El-Nadi was the first and only woman to join a school for pilots.
13 – Her parents didn’t want her to be a pilot.
14 – She worked as a secretary at the airport to pay for her lessons.
15 – She became the first woman in Egypt to have a pilot’s licence.
16 – She became famous when she flew solo in an international race.
17 – She had to stop flying after an accident.
18 – She died in 2002 aged 94.
19 – Her achievements encouraged other women to have a career in flying.
20 - Dr Aisha Abd EI-Rahman is known as Bint El-Shatei.
21 – She is one of the most famous people in Egyptian and Arab culture.
22 - As well as writing books on society and culture, she also wrote poems.
23 - During her life, she helped to improve women’s position in Egyptian society.
24 - Dr Aisha used to go with her father to meetings, at which she learned to read and write.
25 - Aisha’s mother encouraged her daughter to get a good education.
26 – At University, she studied Arabic language and literature.
27 - She was awarded her degree in 1939.
28 – She joined the university staff as a research assistant.
29 - She was employed as a government inspector for the teaching of Arabic literature.
30 - Using the name Bint El Shatei, Dr Aisha wrote many books and articles.
31 – She wrote many books and articles in which she argued for a more positive role for women.
32 - Dr Aisha was a respected teacher.
33 – She taught at many universities across the Arab world..
34 - Dr Aisha spent holidays visiting European museums, universities and libraries.
35 - Dr Aisha died in 1998 at the age of eighty five.
36 - Her work, which had taken up much of her personal life, is still appreciated today.


Unit (4) in points
1 – If I can stop one heart from breaking.
2 - I shall not live in vain.
3 - If I can ease one life the aching.
4 - Cool one pain,
5 - Help one fainting robin. Unto his nest again,
6 - I shall not live in vain
7 – We are looking at the poet Emily Dickinson.
8 - Traditionally, poems usually have three or more verses.
9 - In every verse, there are words that rhyme at the end of some of the lines.
10 - Today, modern poems do not always follow these rules.
11 - They may have either no words that rhyme, or words that partly rhyme
12 - Many modern poets do not really follow any rules at all! But their poems work very well.
13 - Did Emily Dickinson's poems break the usual rules?
14 – Her Poems were certainly different to most poems at that time.
15 - Many of her poems had very short lines, no titles, and sometimes no punctuation!
16 - So are her poems challenging to read?
17 - Most of them were changed by her publishers so that they are more like normal poems.
18 - When she was a child, she was good at both writing and playing the piano.
19 - She was an unusual adult.
20 - She always wore white clothes and she spent nearly all her life at home
21 - She spent about half of her time writing poems, and the other half helping with the housework.
22 - She had a few friends but she didn't like to see them often.
23 - She preferred to write long letters to each friend instead.
24 - She wrote a lot of poems, but most of them were not published until after she died in 1886.
25 - Two men might have asked her to marry them but she accepted neither of their offers.
26 - Only a few of her poems were published when she was alive.
27 - My favourite poem is called If I can stop.
28 - It is about how important it is to help people in life.
29 - That sounds lovely; I'm going to read that poem next.

Unit (5) in points
1 – It is important for people to separate their work life from their home life.
2 - People should focus on the fact that this is also the end of that activity or task.
3 – Parents have to balance their family and work.
4 - Parents who work should make sure that they spend enough quality time with their children.
5 - Many people find it difficult to get the balance right between their work and their free time.
6 - People can carry laptops and phones with them at all times.
7 - they can read their emails even in their free time.
8 – This allows many people to have more flexible working hours or to work from home.
9 - The problem is that some companies find it so easy to contact people.
10 - they expect them to be available for work all the time.
11 - people who are relaxing at home may get an important call from work that they have to answer.
12 - Although most workers enjoy what they do, people need rest as well.
13 - Some people work such long hours that they may suffer from stress.
14 - This can lead to a lack of sleep and feeling exhausted at work.
15 - People should remember that athletes who train for a competition always take breaks.
16 - A break can also help to limit the number of days they need to take off because of illness.
17 - Everyone has times when work can be difficult.
18 - If you have a problem at work, ask your manager for advice.
19 - He or she should be able to help you.
20 - It is often the best way out of stressful situations.
21 - It is part of a manager’s job to help people with their problems
22 - I'm a freelance writer. I have just had my first child.
23 - I'm too busy to go to work every day.
24 - What I like about freelance work is that you can choose how much work you want to do.
25 - Sometimes I worked so hard that I had to work until late at night.
26 - Now, I'm only doing a few hours of work a day.
27 - As my son gets older; I'll increase the amount of work that I do.
28 - The problem with being a freelance worker is that you don 't always get regular work.
29 - There are times when you can't work hard enough to live comfortably.
30 - It can be hard to make money and look after my family.
31 - When I was younger, I worked such long hours that I didn't have any time to myself.
32 - The best thing about freelance work is that you can choose your working hours.
33 - you can manage your time.
34 - you can make your own timetable.
35 - But of course it is very important that you get the work done on time.
36 - You must meet the deadlines.
37 - I moved away from the city I was working in
38 - I had to make a difficult decision: either to find a new job, or to carry on working for the same company.
39 - I can do my job wherever I want to.
40 - I'm a freelance project manager for a big organisation.
41 - I work on lots of different projects.
42 - I can choose exactly which projects to take on.
43 - The disadvantage of this is that you can't always find new clients
44 - it sometimes gets lonely working on your own.
45 - It is more sociable when you are working in an office.
46 - freelance workers have to do their own accounts
47 – Some find doing their job and doing their accounts is too difficult for them to do on their own.

Unit (6) in points
1 – July 2019 is the 50th anniversary of a man first walking on the moon.
2 – A representative for the World Tourism Organization predicts that people will be taken into space for holidays.
3 – They will be flown in a spaceship.
4 – The space station will orbit the earth at a height of 320 Km.
5 – It is the same distance from Cairo to El-Minya.
6 – The space station will be like a giant spinning wheel.
7 – There will be two special areas.
8 – One with gravity like earth and one with zero gravity.
9 – The one with zero gravity will be for weightless sports.
10 – Some people are worried that they will suffer from horrible side effects.
11 – Experts are hopeful that there will be treatments for most side effects.
12 – Everyone who has travelled in space has described the amazing(magical) feeling of looking down on the earth.
13 – It is amazing to look down on the earth as it spins.
14 – It will be impossible to go shopping or go for a walk.
15 – Think of the fun you can have with weightless sports.
16 – The main disadvantage is the cost of space holidays.
17 – At the moment (currently) the cost of a holiday is very high.
18 – The more people want to do something, the cheaper it will become.
19 – If you are interested, start saving now.
20 - Thank you for coming into the studio.
21 - Could you start by telling the listeners?
22 - Well, this is a very special week for me.
23 - I'm being taken with two other astronauts to a secret location.
24 - The spaceship launches at 7.50 the next evening.
25 - How long does it take to reach the Space Station?
26 - It takes about six hours.
27 - I'm really looking forward to it.
28 - What is your mission, exactly?
29 - There are two or three little (small) things that need to be looked at on the International Space Station.
30 - The main problem is the temperature control system.
31 - We think there may be a leak of some kind.
32 - We think it will be repaired quite quickly.
33 - We'll almost certainly need to spend some time working outside.
34 - Do you mean a spacewalk?
35 - Then all the equipment will be examined.
36 - We're given a lot of training.
37 - We're told exactly what to do in these situations when we will be weightless in space.
38 - We'll probably be there for about five or six days.
39 - It depends on how serious the problems are.
40 - I'm sure you'll be interviewed by a lot of journalists after your mission.

Unit (7) in points
1 – Only two men were awake on the spaceship Discovery.
2 - Their job was to look after the spaceship.
3 - The three other astronauts were sleeping during the long journey to the planet Saturn.
4 – Hal is an extremely intelligent computer.
5 - Poole was watching a video message.
6 - It had been sent to him by his family on earth.
7 - It was interrupted by Hal, who said that part AE35 of the spaceship was about to fail.
8 - Part AE35 was important because it sent messages to earth.
9 - Poole went outside the spaceship to replace the part.
10 - He was used to working in zero-gravity.
11 - When Bowman checked the old part later, he found nothing wrong.
12 - Hal told them that the new part AE35 was also about to fail.
13 - The men were not used to hearing that there were problems with the spaceship
14 - They contacted earth. They were told that something was wrong with Hal.
15 - Suddenly, they lost contact with earth. Part AE35 was not working.
16 - Poole decided to replace the new part AE35.
17 - While he was outside, the spaceship suddenly moved forward and hit him. He was killed.
18 – He was horrified and wondered if Poole was killed by Hal.
19 - He decided to wake up the other astronauts.
20 - Bowman threatened to cut Hal’s wires, the computer finally agreed.
21 - Bowman started to wake up the other astronauts.
22 – Suddenly, The pressure inside the spaceship was falling fast and all the air was disappearing.
23 - Bowman ran to an emergency room so he could breathe some oxygen.
24 - He now understood that the computer that had been built to help him was trying to kill him.
25 - He had to find Hal’s controls so that he could turn off the computer
26 - I'm going to give a talk about one of the most famous writers of science fiction.
27 - Arthur C. Clarke was the son of a farmer.
28 - He was always interested in science.
29 - He got a job with the government.
30 - He was able to develop his skills in science during the Second World War, when he worked with radar.
31 – The radar system was being used for the first time to help planes to land.
32 - Many science articles by Clarke had been published in magazines
33 - He predicted satellite television in one article.
34 - Later, his science fiction stories were also published in magazines.
35 – After the war, he went to university and graduated in maths and physics.
36 - He became the editor of a science magazine and continued to write
37 - Many of his stories were about people travelling into space in rockets.
38 - He was famous as a writer and also as a scientific consultant.
39 - He was happy to talk about his ideas.
40 - Clarke was asked to work on a film for the famous director Stanley Kubrick.
41 - The director wanted to make a film of one of Clarke's short stories.
42 - A Space Odyssey, a film about travelling far into space.
43 – The film has been watched by many millions of people since it was made in 1968.
44 - After a serious illness, Clarke was in a wheelchair for many years and he died in 2008.
45 - He is remembered as a great scientist as well as a writer.
46 - The Arthur C Clarke Foundation has promoted the use of technology to improve the quality of life in developing countries.
47 - There are now parts of space that have been named after him.

Unit ( in points
1 – Everyone has seen plants growing.
2 - It had always been thought that plants must get their food from soil.  
3 - Helmot decided to test the theory with Experiments.
4 - First, some soil was dried, put into a pot and weighed.
5 - It was planted in a pot and rain water was added.
6 - He had the tree watered regularly with rain water.
7 - After five years the tree was removed from the pot and weighed again.
8 - The tree had gained a huge amount of weight.
9 - When he got the soil weighed, however, it was almost exactly the same weight.
10 .He decided that the extra weight of the tree must have come from the water.
11 - He did not realize that the tree was being fed by another invisible food.
12 - We now know that plants and trees make their own food.
13 - Their leaves are like factories that produce everything they need.
14 - Plants can change the energy from the sun into chemical energy.
15 - During this process, oxygen and sugar are produced.
16 - The oxygen is released back into the air, and the sugar is used by the plant as food.
17 - Some people are worried about the effect that mobile phone signals might have on our health.
18 - These signals are sent to and from our mobile phones and mobile devices all the time.
19 - Scientists think that the signals are too weak to do any damage to our health.
20 - Parents of children with mobile phones should get their children to limit the amount of time they spend using them.
21 - They should also get them to turn off their mobile phones when they go to sleep.
22 - The signals sent from mobile phone masts are much stronger.
23 - Some people worry about what the radio waves might do to them.
24 - These waves are very powerful and can travel for many kilometres.
25 - Many people who live close to masts have complained about feeling tired, getting headaches and even getting forms of cancer.
26 - Is there really a link between illnesses and radio waves?
27 - It seems that there is no proof that radio waves make people ill.
28 – In 2014, scientists did an experiment in England.
29 - They had ten students move into a house with a mobile phone mast in the garden.
30 - They had the mobile phone mast turned on ten days.
31 - The students thought that the mast was on all the time and they told the scientists that they felt ill.
32 - The result of the experiment seems to show that the cause of illnesses might be worrying about the effects of phone masts.
33 - Scientists believe that we should have mobile phone masts installed in high or remote areas wherever possible.
34 - It's probably a good idea for people who live close to mobile phone masts to get their health checked frequently, too.
35 - Follow this advice and you will be able to get things done on your mobile phone without worrying about your health.

Unit (9) in points
1. Warda is the best candidate for the job. She should get it.  
2. Ayman has a lovely singing voice. He should join the school choir.    
3. Sara is fluent in three languages: Arabic, English and German.      
4. My sister is a nurse and she often helps in the daycare centre.    
5. If you want to apply for the job, please send us your CV.    
6. What grade did you get in your maths exam?    
7. Most of the houses in my grandparents’ neighbourhood are quite old.    
8. The IT Manager makes sure all the computers are working well.    
9. We get on with ينسجم مع all our neighbours . Everyone is so friendly.  
10. The people in this part of town are always very neighbourly, especially if someone needs help.      
11. Even though he has only been in London for six months, he can speak English fluently.  
12. Fluency is perhaps the most important language skill.      
13. These exercises are graded. Some of them are easier than others.  
14. My brother is more   sociable than me. He gets on with everyone he meets.   15. The company received over 100 CVs from interested applicants.  
16. My bank is an established company. It has been in business for over 100 years.        
17. If you need any medicine, there’s a pharmacy in the village.
18. My uncle‘s business had a very good reputation. Everyone knew it sold very good products.
19. If you want to see the doctor, you will need to make appointment.
20. Tarek is very conscientious. If he starts a job, he will always finish it, even if it is very difficult.

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